羽毛球双打发球的技战术
由于双打的后发球线比单打短,在双打中若发高远球,接发球方可以大力扣杀,直接争取主动,同时又较少有后顾之忧。因此站位往往压在靠近前发球线处,对发球者造成很大的心理上和技术上的威胁。所以,发球质量、路线的配合、弧线的制造、落点的变化对整个双打比赛的胜负意义极其重大。可以毫不夸张地说,比赛的双方若水平差不多则胜负取决于发球质量。
(1)发球站位
发球的站位不同,对发球的飞行路线、弧线、落点和第三拍的击球都有关系。
A、发球者紧靠前发球线和中线
这种站位始于反手发网前内角,球过网后球托向下,不易被对方扑击。由于站位靠前,也便于第三拍封网。但站位靠前不利于发平快球,一般是发往前内角位球配合发双打后发球线的外交位平高球。
B、发球者站位离前发球线半米,靠中线
这种站位发球的选择面较广,正、反手都可发网前球、平快球、平高球,并且各种路线都可以发。缺点是球的飞行时间长,对方有较多时间判断处理,发球后如果抢网较慢也容易失去网前主动权。
C、发球者站在离中线较远处
这种站位主要用于在右场区以正手和左场区以反手发平快球攻对方双打后发球线的内角位,配合发网前外角。值得一提的是,这种发球只能作为一种变换手段。因为这种发球只对反应慢、攻击力差的对手有一定威胁,但对方有了准备时作用就不大了,而且还会使自己陷入被动。
(2)发球路线
发球路线和落点的选择需注意如下几点∶
A、调动对方站位,破坏对方打法
如对方甲、乙两名队员站成甲在后、乙在前的进攻队形,在发球给乙时可以后场为主结合网前,而发球给甲时却要以发网前为主结合后场,这样,从发球起就阻挠了对方调整站位。
B、避实就虚,抓住对方弱点发球抢攻
首先要看接发球者的站位,如果他紧压网前站在网前内角位,可用发网前与后场动作的一致性发球到对方后场外角位;如对方离中线较远,则可发平快球突袭后场内角位;对接发球路线呆板、变化少的,可针对这种情况发球后抢封角度突击。
C、发球要有变化
发球时,网前要和后场配合,网前的内角、外角,底线的内角、外交位的配合,使对方首尾难于兼顾,多点设防,疲于应付;在发球的弧线上也要有变化。这样,接球方就难以摸到发球方的规律了。
(3)发球时间的变化
接发球方在准备接发球时,思想虽然高度集中,但因受到发球方的牵制,他要等球发出后才能判断、启动、还击。所以,发球动作的快、慢也应在规则允许的范围内有所变化,不要给接球方掌握规律。
(4)发球时心理的影响
在双打比赛中,有时会出现发球失常。其原因,一个是发球技术不过硬;另一个原因则是受接发球者的影响。由于接球者站位逼前,扑、杀凶狠且命中率较高,加之比分正出于关键时,心情紧张,造成手软从而影响了发球质量。遇到这种情况,首先要沉住气,观察接发球者的动向,心理意图,接发球的路线和规律,提高发球质量,增强还击第三板的信心。另外,发球的路线要善变且无规律,真真假假、虚虚实实,这样就会减少不必要的顾虑,发球质量也会稳定下来。





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